These exercises provide a foundation for all other activities in the Montessori environment. These include simple activities which an adult performs in the course of daily life e.g. walking, sitting, holding and carrying things, rolling/unrolling, folding/unfolding things, etc and general social behavior such as greeting, talking, etc. Children have a strong urge to perform activities they have observed since birth. The adult guides the children in performing such activity in the proper manner. These activities help the child develop concentration and coordination, social awareness and a sense of order in the environment.

Human beings have the unique ability to imagine, create and think abstractly. Dr Montessori designed the arithmetic materials to stimulate the natural capabilities of a child’s mathematical mind. These materials help the child appreciate abstract concepts by presenting them in a concrete form. The child gets familiar with numbers, the decimal system and eventually is introduced to four arithmetic operations across hierarchies. This leads to a strong understanding of various mathematical concepts.

The study of culture extends to and incorporates Art, History, Geography, Zoology,Botany and the Physical Sciences. The child needs to understand and appreciate basic forms of art and music, which will help him/her adapt to the society and also to appreciate different forms of music and arts. Simple musical instruments to help them develop a sense of music and various tools and medium of art such as crayons, paints and chalk are provided. In History the child is made aware of passage of time, mainly through stories. In Geography the child learns about continents, countries, customs, food, language and other aspects of life. Botany and Zoology lessons are taught by means of narration and materials and the children are encouraged to explore the same in outdoor environment.Physical science is introduced to them through real life experiences and simple experiments.